The Elements of Religion in 19th Century in America Essay Example for Free

The Elements of Religion in 19th Century in America Essay In the 19th century United States of America was experiencing new developments in religion. Different movements and sects emerged as a result of the inspirations by the new interpretation of the Bible, the expectation of the second coming of Christ and the teachings by the new thinkers and prophets The philosophical and scientific questions that arose at this time also contributed to the changes that took place in the religion in this country. This period was characterized by the second and the third great awakening in the religion The spirit of revival was spreading all over the country just like it had happened in the first Great Awakening. This wave led to the emergence of the new movements such as Restorationism, Mormons and the holiness movement in New York. The revival saw the growth of the Methodists and Baptists as the two denominations gained new members especially the freed slaves. Missionaries’ societies were set up to help in the process of evangelization in the country. Members of the missionaries’ societies acted as the educators and the apostles. (Noll,Mark 1992 93) The Baptists and Methodists sent missionaries to the south where they were able to convert many people especialy the slaves. Protestants also gained members although not to a greater extent as the the evangelical churches. There was a marked growth of the non denomiational churches such as the Churches of Christ which advocated to the return of the standard teaching of the Bible. Many people were seeking a return to what they believed as the fundamental teachings of the New Testament. The missionaries society in the south converted both the slave owners and the slaves. The changes that took place in this region gave the slaves some freedom in the course fof conducting their own affairs in the church. Though there was some attempt by the slave owners to control their services the move was met with a stiff opposition from the slaves who maintained that they will be running their own affairs. This happened despite passage of legislation requiring the Balck slaves to have a white man anytime they were conducting In the Appalachian the revival was done through use of the camp meetings where mutiple preachers evangelized to the locals for several days urging them to turn away from their sins. There was an emotional following that characterized these meetings where converts came together and formed small local gatherings. (Noll,Mark 1992 254) The revival spread ot the other parts of the country where different denomination were busy converting followers. The methods were not one of the denomination that employed the best method and had a very efficient organization. Baptist on the other hand did not have any church organization ,its first prechers were people who had receive4d a call from God. Noll in his book a History of Christianity in United States and Canada observes that the second great awakening was very influential in the American church history. It brought a wide and strong rekindling of interest on religion all over the country. It provided a platform through which similar patterns of revivals were experienced at different times of the century in the country. During the American Revolution war the state of Christianity in this country had been injured greatly, the war had disrupted church activities especially in the regions where the war was very intense. The congregations had been disrupted such that in some areas they had ceased to operate. This affected the mission of theses gathering as they were not in the position to continue with their evangelization activities during the war. The war had dealt a very heavy blow on the church especially the Episcopal Church which was believed to be closely associated by England. It was treated with suspicion due to the fact that many people saw its association with the England the former colonial power. There was a general decline on the interest of the church affairs. People were more concerned with the issues at hand leaving very little time for the church and its activities. (Noll,Mark 1992 156) The revival occurred again after the end of the war, the immigrant communities had kept the fire burning as far as Christianity was concerned. The end of the war brought back the interest that had been there on the religion, again there was a renewed interest on religious matters across the country. There was peace again and the missionaries could continue with their work. They carried their mission with zeal as they reached every corner of the nation. The American Christians took as their responsibility to reform the society also. There are several notable changes that were brought about by the revival of the religion after the war. There was a spirited campaign to rid the society of the veils that characterized it at this moment. The antebellum reform which included: the abolitionism, the fight for women rights and other issues that faced the society. This was seen as God’s plan to purify America. (Noll,Mark 1992 203) Religion in the 19th century underwent tremendous changes which saw the revival of faith in different parts America. The number of denominations increased as well as the members of these churches. The period saw the emergence of sects and movements which have shaped the history of the church since this period. This period emerged as one of the most important in the history of religion in United States of America. Work Cited Noll,Mark A history of Religion in America and Cananda,Grand Rapids W. M. B. Eerdman Publishing Co (1992)

The Formula of Succinic Acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The Formula of Succinic Acid Succinic acid is a diprotic, which means it donates two protons per molecule. Succinic acid can be completely neutralised by sodium hydroxide. The indicator most suitable for this experiment is phenolphthalein, it is colourless in acids and pink in alkalises. The half way stage is about pH 9.3, this is when it will either change from colourless to a very pale pink or from pink to colourless. To determine the relative formula mass of succinic acid I am going to do a titration against sodium hydroxide. The equation for the reaction is given below. To make the equation easier to read, HOOC(CH2)nCOOH will be condensed to H2A because of the two hydrogen atoms at either end. H2A+2NaOH Ã   Na2A+2H2O (CV) H2A = 1 (CV) NaOH 2 I am going to use the NaOH as 0.1M because I don’t want it too concentrated, so therefore I am going to use H2A as 0.05M because of the ratio 2:1. In the formula of succinic acid below n is a whole number between 1 and 4. So therefore first I need to calculate the relative molecular mass of succinic acid. HOOC(CH2)nCOOH H = 1 O = 16 C = 12 Mr when n = 1 1+16+16+12 (12+2) 12+16+16+1 = 104 Mr when n = 2 1+16+16+12 [(12+2) x2] 12+16+16+1 = 118 Mr when n = 3 1+16+16+12 [(12+2) x3] 12+16+16+1 = 132 Mr when n = 4 1+16+16+12 [(12+2) x4] 12+16+16+1 = 146 From these calculations I can see that I need between 104g and 146g in 1 litre to equal 1M. But I want the solution in 250cm3, so therefore I need to divide the weights by 4: n = 1 104 = 26g So I need between 26g and 36.5g in 250cm3 to make a 1M 4 solution. n = 4 146 = 36.5g 4 I also want to make the solution to 0.05M because of the ratio 2:1, so therefore I need to multiply each weight by 0.05. n = 1 26 x 0.05 = 1.3g n = 4 36.5 x 0.05 = 1.8205g So the range I can work with to weigh out the anhydrous succinic acid is from 1.3g to 1.82g,which will make a 0.05M solution in 250cm3. Preparing a standard solution ============================= Having calculated the weight I can use (1.3g-1.82g), I must weigh out the solute using an accurate electronic balance that goes to three decimal places. I must make sure I clean the balance with a fine brush assuming that it may not have been cleaned after the last time it was used and set the balance back to 0.

Cask of Amontillado Essay

â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could; but when he ventured upon, I vowed revenge. † Montresor has felt that he has been insulted by Fortunato and he seeks revenge upon him. Since Montresor is seeking revenge Fortunato has to watch out, but that may be hard because throughout the story Fortunato is gullible, full of pride, and is an alcoholic. Fortunato is gullible when he doesn’t think anything of going down to the vaults with Montresor. â€Å"Come, let us go. † Fortunato tells him lets go and goes down into the vaults. He is not thinking very smart because he is drunk, and so he doesn’t think anything of it. Let us go, nevertheless. The cold is merely nothing. Amontillado! You have been imposed upon. And as for Luchesi, he cannot distinguish Sherry from Amontillado. † He doesn’t care that he is sick he says lets go. He doesn’t want Montresor to think that Luchesi is better than him in any way. Overall, Fortunato is too gullible because he is insisting to go down. He is too full pride and he thinks he is better than everyone else. â€Å"Luchesi cannot tell Amontillado from Sherry. † He is saying that Luchesi can’t tell the two wines apart and that he is better than him. Fortunate is saying that he would rather go then for Montresor to call Luchesi. â€Å"He is an ignoramus,† says Fortunato. He doesn’t want to hear Montresor talk about Luchesi because he finds it insulting. He feels that he is better than that and Luchesi is nothing to him. Finally, Fortunato is too full of pride because whenever Luchesi is brought up he interrupts and starts talking about himself. â€Å"I drink,† Fortunato says â€Å"to the buried that repose around us. † Fortunato is an alcoholic because throughout this whole story he is a drunken mess. He keeps drinking and stumbles around. Montresor tells him â€Å"Drink,† handing him a bottle. So Montresor is encouraging him getting drunk. Fortunato doesn’t think anything of it and he keeps drinking. As Montresor is encouraging Fortunato to drink it’s because he is trying to get him drunk so that he can kill him. In conclusion, Fortunato is a gullible, full of pride, drunken mess throughout this story. In the end Fortunato gets walled up in a glitch within the vaults by Montresor. If Fortunato wasn’t such a drunk he would have lived. Finally, Fortuanto should have thought better on his decisions.

Explain The Biological And Social Factors Of Human Aggression

The Biological and Social Factors of Human Aggression A Brief Overview of Human Aggression Human aggression is different for everyone. Some are slow to wrath, but others have a fiery temper. Does this aggressive nature come from our genes or are we molded by our surroundings? To answer this question, we must understand what classifies as â€Å"aggression.† Aggression is defined as an action that involves the show of dominance of another person or group that comes in both verbal and physical forms (Hermann, 2017). During may aggression experiments, most test subjects are animals. Although these animals may not be the same species as humans, their physical reactions and their brain processes are quite similar to the functions a human goes through†¦show more content†¦For the study, 300 six-month-olds were observed by familiar guardians (mother, father, relatives, friends, etc.), and the child’s aggressive acts were recorded and reported by the guardians. During this stage, the infants would primarily display anger by pulling on hair, but some of them s howed through anger through hitting and biting. While between the ages of six and twelve months, displays of aggression increased in the children, but then decreased after the group was tested in a similar scenario at 33 months. In this study, aggression was defined as the use of instrumental force (tugging on the desired toy) and bodily force (physical abuse). Throughout the entire study from 6 to 33 months, the children’s ratio of use of instrumental force to bodily force was very high, with the former being observed often. This form of aggression was often used to take another child’s toy at the simulated birthday party. In conclusion, some children naturally use aggression at a young age and some do not. Genetics of Aggression In a second study, researchers looked at the potential genetic background on the Research Domain Criteria classification’s three types of aggression in twins (Veroude et al., 2016). These types of aggression were identified as frustrative non-reward, defensive, and offensive/proactive. Frustrative non-reward aggression occurs after failed attempts to receive a reward. Defensive aggression happens when there is a perceived threat.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Explaining Aggression606 Words   |  3 PagesExplaining Aggression One of the achievements of social psychology has been in extending explanations of aggression and violence away from merely being reflections of the inner state of individuals There many ways of explaining aggressive behaviour in humans. 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